Samantha,
One important factor that you didn't mention is how you plan to make the print. Will you use an ink jet printer like the Epson 7600, or will you use a lab to print on traditional paper such as Fuji Crystal Archive?
It's been my experience that, when trying new things, a series of "test strips" is invaluable. I suggest you try a variety of up-resing approaches, then crop a small section of each and make test prints. Be sure to make the prints using the same printer you'll be using for the "final". You should also use test strips to experiment with different amounts of sharpening, and maybe even different image resolutions. Will you resize your image to 360 DPI? How about 300 or 240? Try a variety of sizes and see what you think. Let your eye be the judge of what works best, given the subject and the amount of enlargement you require. If it were me, I'd probably use Genuine Fractals - but it's pretty expensive, and you may be able to do as well using the up-res functions in Photoshop CS.
I don't believe the results will be comparable to prints made from medium format negative film. The 10D is good, but it doesn't have that kind of resolution, IMO.
That said, I would expect a 20x24 print to look pretty good - assuming you don't need to do much cropping.
Good luck - and let us know how this works out.
Enjoy!
-- Jim